Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating - Global and China Top Players Market Share and Ranking 2023
- Report Code : AMP2754314
- Published On: Oct, 2023
- Category : Chemicals & Materials
- Pages : 155
-
According to Research, the global market for Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating should grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2023-2029.
By country, China accounted for percent of the global market last year and China’s market share increased from percent to percent. China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating market should grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2023-2029. The United States Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating market should grow from US$ million in 2022 to US$ million by 2029, with a CAGR of % for the period of 2023-2029.
By segment, Engineering Plastics grew percent to account for percent of the total market sales, and FRP grew percent.
Electromagnetic wave shielding coating is a functional coating that mixes conductive particles in chemical solvents and can be sprayed on non-metallic materials such as ABS and other engineering plastics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, wood, and cement walls to shield electromagnetic waves. With the advantages of room temperature curing and strong adhesion, it is the most convenient treatment method for electromagnetic shielding of non-metallic shells of mobile phones, monitors, printers and various instruments.
This report studies and analyses global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating status and future trends, helps the client to determine the Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating market size of the total market opportunity by Type, by Application, by company, and by region & country. This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating, and provides market size (in Tons & US$ million) and Year-over-Year growth, considering 2022 as the base year.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
To assess the competitive environment within the market including supplier revenue, market share, and company profiles.
Highlights
(1) Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating market size, history data 2018-2023, and forecast data 2024 -2029, (US$ million) & (Tons)
(2) Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating sales, revenue, price by company, market share and industry ranking 2018-2023, (US$ million) & (Tons)
(3) China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating sales, revenue, price by company, market share and industry ranking 2018-2023, (US$ million) & (Tons)
(4) Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating key consuming regions, consumption quantity, consumption value and demand structure
(5) Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating key producing regions, capacity, production, and year over year growth
(6) Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating industry chains, upstream, midstream and downstream
Market segment by players, this report covers
Henkel
PPG Industries
Akzonobel N. V.
Axalta Coating Systems
3M Company
Dai Nippon Printing
Abrisa Technologies
Acree Technologies
Carclo PLC.
Cima Nanotech
Clearjet
Gentex Corp
Hitachi Chemical
Inktec
Intlvac Thin Film Corp
Jtouch Corp
JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp
Market segment by Type, covers
Silver Series
Carbon Series
Nickel Series
Copper Series
Market segment by Application, can be divided into
Engineering Plastics
FRP
Wood
Cement Wall
Others
Market segment by regions, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, and Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa
Report Includes:
Chapter 1: to describe Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating product scope, global sales quantity, value and average price, China sales quantity, value and average price, development opportunities, challenges, trends, and policies.
Chapter 2: Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating market share and ranking of major manufacturers, sales quantity, revenue, average price, 2018-2023
Chapter 3: China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating market share and ranking of major manufacturers, sales quantity, revenue, average price, 2018-2023
Chapter 4: Global key producing regions of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 5: Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating industry chain, upstream, medium-stream, and downstream.
Chapter 6: Segment by Type, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 7: Segment by Application, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 8: Segment in regional level, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 9: Segment in country level, sales quantity, average price, consumption value, percent & CAGR, 2018-2029
Chapter 10: Company profile, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product specifications, application, recent development, sales quantity, average price, revenue, gross margin.
Chapter 11: Conclusions
-
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Global and China Top Players market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
1 Market Overview1.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Definition
1.2 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size and Forecast
1.2.1 By Consumption Value, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size，2018-2029
1.2.2 By Sales Quantity, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size，2018-2029
1.2.3 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Average Selling Price (ASP)，2018-20291.3 China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size and Forecast
1.3.1 By Consumption Value, China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size，2018-2029
1.3.2 By Sales Quantity, China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size，2018-2029
1.3.3 China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Average Selling Price (ASP)， 2018-20291.4 Share of China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market with Respect to the Global Market
1.4.1 By Consumption Value, China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Share in Global, 2018-2029
1.4.2 By Sales Quantity, China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Share in Global, 2018-2029
1.4.3 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size: China VS Global, 2018-20291.5 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Drivers
1.5.2 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Restraints
1.5.3 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Industry Trends
1.5.4 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Industry Policy
2 Global Leading Manufacturers and Market Share2.1 By Revenue of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating, Global Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
2.2 By Sales Quantity of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating, Global Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
2.3 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Average Selling Price (ASP) by Company, 2018-2023
2.4 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Concentration Ratio
2.6 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
2.7 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Manufacturers Product Type
2.8 Head Office and Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Production Site of Key Manufacturer
2.9 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Capacity of Major Manufacturers and Future Plan
3 China Leading Manufacturers and Market Share3.1 By Revenue of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating, China Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
3.2 By Sales Quantity of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating, China Market Share by Company, 2018-2023
3.3 China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Participants, Market Position (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4 Global Producing Regions4.1 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Capacity, Output and Capacity Utilization, 2018-2029
4.2 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Capacity by Region
4.3 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Production & Forecast by Region, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
4.4 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Production by Region, 2018-2029
4.5 Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Production Market Share & Forecast by Region, 2018-2029
5 Industry Chain Analysis5.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Industry Chain
5.2 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Upstream Analysis
5.2.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Core Raw Materials
5.2.2 Main Manufacturers of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Core Raw Materials5.3 Midstream Analysis
5.4 Downstream Analysis
5.5 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Production Mode
5.6 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Procurement Model
5.7 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Industry Sales Model and Sales Channels
5.7.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Model
5.7.2 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Typical Distributors
6 Sights by Type6.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Classification
6.1.1 Silver Series
6.1.2 Carbon Series
6.1.3 Nickel Series
6.1.4 Copper Series6.2 By Type, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value & CAGR, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.3 By Type, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value, 2018-2029
6.4 By Type, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
6.5 By Type, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Average Selling Price (ASP), 2018-2029
7 Sights by Application7.1 Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Segment by Application
7.1.1 Engineering Plastics
7.1.2 FRP
7.1.3 Wood
7.1.4 Cement Wall
7.1.5 Others7.2 By Application, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value & CAGR, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
7.3 By Application, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value, 2018-2029
7.4 By Application, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
7.5 By Application, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Price, 2018-2029
8 Sales Sights by Region8.1 By Region, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
8.2 By Region, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value, 2018-2029
8.3 By Region, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
8.4 North America
8.4.1 North America Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.4.2 By Country, North America Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size Market Share8.5 Europe
8.5.1 Europe Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.5.2 By Country, Europe Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size Market Share8.6 Asia Pacific
8.6.1 Asia Pacific Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.6.2 By Country/Region, Asia Pacific Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size Market Share
8.7 South America
8.7.1 South America Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size & Forecasts, 2018-2029
8.7.2 By Country, South America Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size Market Share
8.8 Middle East & Africa
9 Sales Sights by Country Level9.1 By Country, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size & CAGR, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
9.2 By Country, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Consumption Value, 2018-2029
9.3 By Country, Global Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, 2018-2029
9.4 U.S.
9.4.1 U.S. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.4.2 By Type, U.S. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.4.3 By Application, U.S. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 20299.5 Europe
9.5.1 Europe Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.5.2 By Type, Europe Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.5.3 By Application, Europe Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 20299.6 China
9.6.1 China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.6.2 By Type, China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.6.3 By Application, China Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.7 Japan
9.7.1 Japan Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.7.2 By Type, Japan Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.7.3 By Application, Japan Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.8 South Korea
9.8.1 South Korea Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.8.2 By Type, South Korea Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.8.3 By Application, South Korea Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.9 Southeast Asia
9.9.1 Southeast Asia Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.9.2 By Type, Southeast Asia Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.9.3 By Application, Southeast Asia Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 20299.10 India
9.10.1 India Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.10.2 By Type, India Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.10.3 By Application, India Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.11 Middle East & Africa
9.11.1 Middle East & Africa Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Market Size, 2018-2029
9.11.2 By Type, Middle East & Africa Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
9.11.3 By Application, Middle East & Africa Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity Market Share, 2022 VS 2029
10 Manufacturers Profile10.1 Henkel
10.1.1 Henkel Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.1.2 Henkel Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.1.3 Henkel Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.1.4 Henkel Company Profile and Main Business
10.1.5 Henkel Recent Developments10.2 PPG Industries
10.2.1 PPG Industries Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.2.2 PPG Industries Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.2.3 PPG Industries Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.2.4 PPG Industries Company Profile and Main Business
10.2.5 PPG Industries Recent Developments10.3 Akzonobel N. V.
10.3.1 Akzonobel N. V. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.3.2 Akzonobel N. V. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.3.3 Akzonobel N. V. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.3.4 Akzonobel N. V. Company Profile and Main Business
10.3.5 Akzonobel N. V. Recent Developments10.4 Axalta Coating Systems
10.4.1 Axalta Coating Systems Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.4.2 Axalta Coating Systems Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.4.3 Axalta Coating Systems Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.4.4 Axalta Coating Systems Company Profile and Main Business
10.4.5 Axalta Coating Systems Recent Developments
10.5 3M Company
10.5.1 3M Company Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.5.2 3M Company Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.5.3 3M Company Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.5.4 3M Company Company Profile and Main Business
10.5.5 3M Company Recent Developments10.6 Dai Nippon Printing
10.6.1 Dai Nippon Printing Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.6.2 Dai Nippon Printing Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.6.3 Dai Nippon Printing Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.6.4 Dai Nippon Printing Company Profile and Main Business
10.6.5 Dai Nippon Printing Recent Developments
10.7 Abrisa Technologies
10.7.1 Abrisa Technologies Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.7.2 Abrisa Technologies Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.7.3 Abrisa Technologies Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.7.4 Abrisa Technologies Company Profile and Main Business
10.7.5 Abrisa Technologies Recent Developments
10.8 Acree Technologies
10.8.1 Acree Technologies Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.8.2 Acree Technologies Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.8.3 Acree Technologies Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.8.4 Acree Technologies Company Profile and Main Business
10.8.5 Acree Technologies Recent Developments
10.9 Carclo PLC.
10.9.1 Carclo PLC. Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.9.2 Carclo PLC. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.9.3 Carclo PLC. Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.9.4 Carclo PLC. Company Profile and Main Business
10.9.5 Carclo PLC. Recent Developments10.10 Cima Nanotech
10.10.1 Cima Nanotech Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.10.2 Cima Nanotech Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.10.3 Cima Nanotech Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.10.4 Cima Nanotech Company Profile and Main Business
10.10.5 Cima Nanotech Recent Developments
10.11 Clearjet
10.11.1 Clearjet Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.11.2 Clearjet Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.11.3 Clearjet Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.11.4 Clearjet Company Profile and Main Business
10.11.5 Clearjet Recent Developments
10.12 Gentex Corp
10.12.1 Gentex Corp Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.12.2 Gentex Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.12.3 Gentex Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.12.4 Gentex Corp Company Profile and Main Business
10.12.5 Gentex Corp Recent Developments
10.13 Hitachi Chemical
10.13.1 Hitachi Chemical Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.13.2 Hitachi Chemical Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.13.3 Hitachi Chemical Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.13.4 Hitachi Chemical Company Profile and Main Business
10.13.5 Hitachi Chemical Recent Developments
10.14 Inktec
10.14.1 Inktec Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.14.2 Inktec Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.14.3 Inktec Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.14.4 Inktec Company Profile and Main Business
10.14.5 Inktec Recent Developments
10.15 Intlvac Thin Film Corp
10.15.1 Intlvac Thin Film Corp Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.15.2 Intlvac Thin Film Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.15.3 Intlvac Thin Film Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.15.4 Intlvac Thin Film Corp Company Profile and Main Business
10.15.5 Intlvac Thin Film Corp Recent Developments
10.16 Jtouch Corp
10.16.1 Jtouch Corp Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.16.2 Jtouch Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.16.3 Jtouch Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.16.4 Jtouch Corp Company Profile and Main Business
10.16.5 Jtouch Corp Recent Developments
10.17 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp
10.17.1 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position
10.17.2 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Models, Specifications, and Application
10.17.3 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Sales Quantity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin, 2018-2023
10.17.4 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp Company Profile and Main Business
10.17.5 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corp Recent Developments
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix12.1 Research Methodology
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources12.3 Market Estimation Model
12.4 Disclaimer
-
The Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Global and China Top Players Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.
Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :
By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:
Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):
Recognize the areas along the Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Global and China Top Players Market's value chain where players are generating value. To get a complete picture, kindly read the entire report.
It is expected that the Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Global and China Top Players Market will reach USD XX million by 2029.
The influx of capital into the Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Global and China Top Players Market, as well as the deployment of technologies designed to increase efficiency and yield high volume, are paving the way for promising market opportunities.
The Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Coating Global and China Top Players Industry stakeholders, executives, and experts, as well as individuals who need to develop consumer-friendly strategies and use technology to stay ahead of the competition.
