Sputtering Target Global Market Insights 2020, Analysis and Forecast to 2025, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

Report Code : PRO2425920
Published On: Apr, 2021
Category : Metals & Minerals
Pages : 113

This report describes the global market size of Sputtering Target from 2016 to 2020 and its CAGR from 2016 to 2020, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2026 and its CAGR from 2021 to 2026.
For geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2016 to 2026. This report cover following regions:
North America
South America
Asia & Pacific
Europe
MEA
The key countries for each regions are also included such as United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.
For competitor segment, the report include global key players of Sputtering Target as well as some small players. The information for each competitor include:
Company Profile
Main Business Information
SWOT Analysis
Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
Market Share
Applications Segment:
Semiconductor
Flat Panel Display
Solar
Data Storage
Others
Types Segment:
Metal Sputtering Target
Alloy Sputtering Target
Ceramic Sputtering Target
Companies Covered:
H.C. Starck
Heraeus
Praxair
Honeywell
Tosoh
JX Nippon Mining & Metals
ULVAC
Plansee
Konfoong
GRIKIN
Fujian Acetron
Umicore
Longhua
etc.
Please ask for sample pages for full companies list
Base Year: 2021
Historical Data: from 2016 to 2020
Forecast Data: from 2021 to 2026
Any special requirements about this report, please let us know and we can provide custom report.
With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Sputtering Target Global market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.

CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 2 ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS
CHAPTER 3 PREFACE
3.1 RESEARCH SCOPE
3.2 RESEARCH SOURCES
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 RESEARCH METHOD
CHAPTER 4 MARKET LANDSCAPE
4.1 MARKET OVERVIEW
4.2 CLASSIFICATION/TYPES
4.3 APPLICATION/END USERS
CHAPTER 5 MARKET TREND ANALYSIS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 DRIVERS
5.3 RESTRAINTS
5.4 OPPORTUNITIES
5.5 THREATS
CHAPTER 6 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
6.1 UPSTREAM/SUPPLIERS ANALYSIS
6.2 Sputtering Target ANALYSIS
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 DOWNSTREAM BUYERS/END USERS
CHAPTER 7 LATEST MARKET DYNAMICS
7.1 LATEST NEWS
7.2 MERGER AND ACQUISITION
7.3 PLANNED/FUTURE PROJECT
7.4 POLICY DYNAMICS
CHAPTER 8 TRADING ANALYSIS
8.1 EXPORT OF Sputtering Target BY REGION
8.2 IMPORT OF Sputtering Target BY REGION
8.3 BALANCE OF TRADE
CHAPTER 9 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Sputtering Target MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA (2016-2026)
9.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE
9.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND BY END USE
9.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
9.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
9.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
9.5.1 US
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
CHAPTER 10 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Sputtering Target MARKET IN SOUTH AMERICA (2016-2026)
10.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE
10.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND BY END USE
10.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
10.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
10.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
CHAPTER 11 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Sputtering Target MARKET IN ASIA & PACIFIC (2016-2026)
11.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE
11.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND BY END USE
11.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
11.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
11.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 ASEAN
11.5.6 Australia
CHAPTER 12 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Sputtering Target MARKET IN EUROPE (2016-2026)
12.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE
12.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND BY END USE
12.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
12.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
12.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 UK
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
CHAPTER 13 HISTORICAL AND FORECAST Sputtering Target MARKET IN MEA (2016-2026)
13.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE
13.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND BY END USE
13.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
13.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
13.5 KEY COUNTRIES ANALYSIS
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 GCC
13.5.5 Turkey
CHAPTER 14 SUMMARY FOR GLOBAL Sputtering Target MARKET (2016-2021)
14.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE
14.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND BY END USE
14.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
14.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE
CHAPTER 15 GLOBAL Sputtering Target MARKET FORECAST (2021-2026)
15.1 Sputtering Target MARKET SIZE FORECAST
15.2 Sputtering Target DEMAND FORECAST
15.3 COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS
15.4 TYPE SEGMENTATION AND PRICE FORECAST
CHAPTER 16 ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY VENDORS
16.1 H.C. Starck
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of H.C. Starck
16.1.4 H.C. Starck Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.2 Heraeus
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Heraeus
16.2.4 Heraeus Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.3 Praxair
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Praxair
16.3.4 Praxair Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.4 Honeywell
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Honeywell
16.4.4 Honeywell Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.5 Tosoh
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Tosoh
16.5.4 Tosoh Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.6 JX Nippon Mining & Metals
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of JX Nippon Mining & Metals
16.6.4 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.7 ULVAC
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of ULVAC
16.7.4 ULVAC Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.8 Plansee
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of Plansee
16.8.4 Plansee Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.9 Konfoong
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of Konfoong
16.9.4 Konfoong Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.10 GRIKIN
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of GRIKIN
16.10.4 GRIKIN Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.11 Fujian Acetron
16.11.1 Company Profile
16.11.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.11.3 SWOT Analysis of Fujian Acetron
16.11.4 Fujian Acetron Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.12 Umicore
16.12.1 Company Profile
16.12.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.12.3 SWOT Analysis of Umicore
16.12.4 Umicore Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
16.13 Longhua
16.13.1 Company Profile
16.13.2 Main Business and Sputtering Target Information
16.13.3 SWOT Analysis of Longhua
16.13.4 Longhua Sputtering Target Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
TABLES AND FIGURES
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Sputtering Target Report
Table Data Sources of Sputtering Target Report
Table Major Assumptions of Sputtering Target Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Sputtering Target Picture
Table Sputtering Target Classification
Table Sputtering Target Applications List
Table Drivers of Sputtering Target Market
Table Restraints of Sputtering Target Market
Table Opportunities of Sputtering Target Market
Table Threats of Sputtering Target Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Sputtering Target
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Sputtering Target
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Sputtering Target Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Sputtering Target Market
Table Policy of Sputtering Target Market
Table 2016-2026 Regional Export of Sputtering Target
Table 2016-2026 Regional Import of Sputtering Target
Table 2016-2026 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2016-2026 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2016-2026 North America Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 North America Sputtering Target Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 North America Sputtering Target Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 North America Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 North America Sputtering Target Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 North America Sputtering Target Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 North America Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 North America Sputtering Target Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 US Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 US Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Canada Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Canada Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Mexico Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Mexico Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 South America Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 South America Sputtering Target Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 South America Sputtering Target Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 South America Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 South America Sputtering Target Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 South America Sputtering Target Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 South America Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 South America Sputtering Target Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 Brazil Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Brazil Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Argentina Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Argentina Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Chile Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Chile Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Peru Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Peru Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Asia & Pacific Sputtering Target Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 China Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 China Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 India Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 India Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Japan Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Japan Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 South Korea Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 South Korea Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Sputtering Target Market Size List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Sputtering Target Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Sputtering Target Import List
Table 2016-2026 ASEAN Sputtering Target Export List
Table 2016-2026 Australia Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Australia Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Europe Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 Europe Sputtering Target Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 Europe Sputtering Target Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 Europe Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Europe Sputtering Target Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 Europe Sputtering Target Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 Europe Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Europe Sputtering Target Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 Germany Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Germany Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 France Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 France Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 UK Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 UK Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Italy Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Italy Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Spain Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Spain Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Belgium Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Belgium Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Netherlands Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Netherlands Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Austria Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Austria Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Poland Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Poland Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Russia Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Russia Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 MEA Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2016-2026 MEA Sputtering Target Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2016-2026 MEA Sputtering Target Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2016-2026 MEA Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 MEA Sputtering Target Key Players Sales List
Table 2016-2021 MEA Sputtering Target Key Players Market Share List
Table 2016-2026 MEA Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 MEA Sputtering Target Price List by Type
Table 2016-2026 Egypt Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Egypt Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Israel Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Israel Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 South Africa Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 South Africa Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 GCC Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 GCC Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2026 Turkey Sputtering Target Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2016-2026 Turkey Sputtering Target Import & Export List
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Market Size List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Market Volume List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Capacity List
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production List
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Global Sputtering Target Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2016-2021 Regional Sputtering Target Price List
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Market Size List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Market Volume List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Demand List by Application
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Capacity List
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production List
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Demand List by Type
Table 2021-2026 Global Sputtering Target Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2021-2026 Regional Sputtering Target Price List
Table H.C. Starck Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of H.C. Starck
Table 2016-2021 H.C. Starck Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 H.C. Starck Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Heraeus Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Heraeus
Table 2016-2021 Heraeus Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Heraeus Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Praxair Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Praxair
Table 2016-2021 Praxair Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Praxair Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Honeywell Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Honeywell
Table 2016-2021 Honeywell Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Honeywell Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Tosoh Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Tosoh
Table 2016-2021 Tosoh Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Tosoh Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table JX Nippon Mining & Metals Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of JX Nippon Mining & Metals
Table 2016-2021 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table ULVAC Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of ULVAC
Table 2016-2021 ULVAC Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 ULVAC Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Plansee Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Plansee
Table 2016-2021 Plansee Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Plansee Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Konfoong Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Konfoong
Table 2016-2021 Konfoong Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Konfoong Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table GRIKIN Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of GRIKIN
Table 2016-2021 GRIKIN Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 GRIKIN Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Fujian Acetron Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Fujian Acetron
Table 2016-2021 Fujian Acetron Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Fujian Acetron Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Umicore Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Umicore
Table 2016-2021 Umicore Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Umicore Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table Longhua Information List
Table SWOT Analysis of Longhua
Table 2016-2021 Longhua Sputtering Target Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2016-2021 Longhua Sputtering Target Capacity Production and Growth Rate
The Sputtering Target Global Market has been segregated into various crucial divisions including applications, types, and regions. Each market segment is intensively studied in the report contemplating its market acceptance, worthiness, demand, and growth prospects. The segmentation analysis will help the client to customize their marketing approach to have a better command of each segment and to identify the most prospective customer base.

Report Objectives / Segmentation Covered :

By Companies / players:
By Regions:
By Type:
By Application:

Frequently asked questions(FAQ's):

What is the estimated value of the Sputtering Target Global Market?

The Sputtering Target Global Market is expected to reach a reasonable valuation by 2029; now the market is expected to shift its focus from growth to value.

What challenges does the Sputtering Target Global Market face in the future?

The convergence of various vital triggers, including a major slowdown in Western economies, and some critical points in globalization, leads to the transformation of business in the Sputtering Target Global Market across the extensive corporate landscape.

What does the future hold for the Sputtering Target Global Industry?

This latest research publication on the Sputtering Target Global Market is an in-depth market tracker that provides a comprehensive assessment of the challenges that manufacturers face in achieving new growth cycles in the current scenario.