List of Tables

Table 1. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & CAGR: China VS Global, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Table 2. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Market Restraints

Table 3. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Market Trends

Table 4. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Industry Policy

Table 5. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Revenue by Company, 2020-2025, US$ million, Ranked Based on Revenue in 2024

Table 6. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Revenue Share by Company, 2020-2025, Ranked by Data of 2024

Table 7. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity by Company, (2020-2025) & (Units), Ranked Based on Sales in 2024

Table 8. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity by Company, 2020-2025, Ranked by Data of 2024

Table 9. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Average Selling Price (ASP) by Company, (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)

Table 10. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR3 and HHI)

Table 11. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table 12. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Manufacturers Product Type

Table 13. Head Office and Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Production Site of Key Manufacturer

Table 14. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Capacity of Major Manufacturers and Future Plan

Table 15. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Revenue by Company, 2020-2025, US$ million, Ranked Based on Revenue in 2024

Table 16. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Revenue Share by Company, 2020-2025, Ranked by Data of 2024

Table 17. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity by Company, (2020-2025) & (Units), Ranked Based on Sales in 2024

Table 18. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity by Company, 2020-2025, Ranked by Data of 2024

Table 19. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Production & Forecast by Region, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, (Units)

Table 20. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Production by Region, 2020-2025, (Units)

Table 21. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Production Forecast by Region, 2026-2031, (Units)

Table 22. Global Key Players of Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Upstream (Raw Materials)

Table 23. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Typical Customers

Table 24. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Typical Distributors

Table 25. by Type, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & CAGR, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, US$ Million

Table 26. by Application, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & CAGR, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, US$ Million

Table 27. By Region, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, US$ Million

Table 28. By Region, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Table 29. By Region, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Table 30. By Country, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & CAGR, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031, US$ Million

Table 31. By Country, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Table 32. By Country, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2020-2031

Table 33. By Country, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Table 34. By Country, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2020-2031

Table 35. TEL Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 36. TEL Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 37. TEL Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 38. TEL Company Profile and Main Business

Table 39. TEL Recent Developments

Table 40. Kokusai Electric Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 41. Kokusai Electric Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 42. Kokusai Electric Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 43. Kokusai Electric Company Profile and Main Business

Table 44. Kokusai Electric Recent Developments

Table 45. E-Town Semiconductor Technology Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 46. E-Town Semiconductor Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 47. E-Town Semiconductor Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 48. E-Town Semiconductor Technology Company Profile and Main Business

Table 49. E-Town Semiconductor Technology Recent Developments

Table 50. NAURA Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 51. NAURA Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 52. NAURA Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 53. NAURA Company Profile and Main Business

Table 54. NAURA Recent Developments

Table 55. Centrotherm Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 56. Centrotherm Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 57. Centrotherm Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 58. Centrotherm Company Profile and Main Business

Table 59. Centrotherm Recent Developments

Table 60. ACM Research Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 61. ACM Research Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 62. ACM Research Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 63. ACM Research Company Profile and Main Business

Table 64. ACM Research Recent Developments

Table 65. JTEKT Thermo Systems Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 66. JTEKT Thermo Systems Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 67. JTEKT Thermo Systems Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 68. JTEKT Thermo Systems Company Profile and Main Business

Table 69. JTEKT Thermo Systems Recent Developments

Table 70. ATV Technologie GmbH Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 71. ATV Technologie GmbH Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 72. ATV Technologie GmbH Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 73. ATV Technologie GmbH Company Profile and Main Business

Table 74. ATV Technologie GmbH Recent Developments

Table 75. Ohkura Electric Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 76. Ohkura Electric Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 77. Ohkura Electric Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 78. Ohkura Electric Company Profile and Main Business

Table 79. Ohkura Electric Recent Developments

Table 80. Across International Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 81. Across International Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 82. Across International Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 83. Across International Company Profile and Main Business

Table 84. Across International Recent Developments

Table 85. Annealsys Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 86. Annealsys Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 87. Annealsys Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 88. Annealsys Company Profile and Main Business

Table 89. Annealsys Recent Developments

Table 90. SPTS Technologies (KLA) Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 91. SPTS Technologies (KLA) Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 92. SPTS Technologies (KLA) Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 93. SPTS Technologies (KLA) Company Profile and Main Business

Table 94. SPTS Technologies (KLA) Recent Developments

Table 95. RCH Associates Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 96. RCH Associates Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 97. RCH Associates Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 98. RCH Associates Company Profile and Main Business

Table 99. RCH Associates Recent Developments

Table 100. ASM International Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 101. ASM International Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 102. ASM International Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 103. ASM International Company Profile and Main Business

Table 104. ASM International Recent Developments

Table 105. Syskey Technology Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 106. Syskey Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 107. Syskey Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 108. Syskey Technology Company Profile and Main Business

Table 109. Syskey Technology Recent Developments

Table 110. Thermco Systems Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 111. Thermco Systems Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 112. Thermco Systems Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 113. Thermco Systems Company Profile and Main Business

Table 114. Thermco Systems Recent Developments

Table 115. Laplace Energy Technology Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 116. Laplace Energy Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 117. Laplace Energy Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 118. Laplace Energy Technology Company Profile and Main Business

Table 119. Laplace Energy Technology Recent Developments

Table 120. Exwell Intelligent Equipment Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 121. Exwell Intelligent Equipment Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 122. Exwell Intelligent Equipment Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 123. Exwell Intelligent Equipment Company Profile and Main Business

Table 124. Exwell Intelligent Equipment Recent Developments

Table 125. Across International Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 126. Across International Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 127. Across International Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 128. Across International Company Profile and Main Business

Table 129. Across International Recent Developments

Table 130. Qingdao Yuhaowei Electronic Equipment Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 131. Qingdao Yuhaowei Electronic Equipment Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 132. Qingdao Yuhaowei Electronic Equipment Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 133. Qingdao Yuhaowei Electronic Equipment Company Profile and Main Business

Table 134. Qingdao Yuhaowei Electronic Equipment Recent Developments

Table 135. Qingdao Huaqi Technology Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 136. Qingdao Huaqi Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 137. Qingdao Huaqi Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 138. Qingdao Huaqi Technology Company Profile and Main Business

Table 139. Qingdao Huaqi Technology Recent Developments

Table 140. Wuxi Songyu Technology Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 141. Wuxi Songyu Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 142. Wuxi Songyu Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 143. Wuxi Songyu Technology Company Profile and Main Business

Table 144. Wuxi Songyu Technology Recent Developments

Table 145. Henan NOBODY Material Technology Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 146. Henan NOBODY Material Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 147. Henan NOBODY Material Technology Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 148. Henan NOBODY Material Technology Company Profile and Main Business

Table 149. Henan NOBODY Material Technology Recent Developments

Table 150. QINGDAO VACUUM HEATING Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 151. QINGDAO VACUUM HEATING Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 152. QINGDAO VACUUM HEATING Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 153. QINGDAO VACUUM HEATING Company Profile and Main Business

Table 154. QINGDAO VACUUM HEATING Recent Developments

Table 155. Qingdao Chenli Electronics Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 156. Qingdao Chenli Electronics Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 157. Qingdao Chenli Electronics Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 158. Qingdao Chenli Electronics Company Profile and Main Business

Table 159. Qingdao Chenli Electronics Recent Developments

Table 160. Liguan Microelectronics Company Information, Head Office, Market Area, and Industry Position

Table 161. Liguan Microelectronics Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Models, Specifications, and Application

Table 162. Liguan Microelectronics Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin, 2020-2025

Table 163. Liguan Microelectronics Company Profile and Main Business

Table 164. Liguan Microelectronics Recent Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Picture

Figure 2. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, (US$ million) & (2020-2031)

Figure 3. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, (Units) & (2020-2031)

Figure 4. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Average Selling Price (ASP), (2020-2031) & (US$/Unit)

Figure 5. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, (US$ million) & (2020-2031)

Figure 6. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity (Units) & (2020-2031)

Figure 7. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Average Selling Price (ASP), (US$/Unit) & (2020-2031)

Figure 8. By Consumption Value, China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Market Share of Global, 2020-2031

Figure 9. By Sales Quantity, China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Market Share of Global, 2020-2031

Figure 10. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Market Share by Company, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), 2024

Figure 11. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Key Participants, Market Share, 2024

Figure 12. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Capacity, Production and Capacity Utilization, 2020-2031

Figure 13. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Capacity Market Share by Region, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 14. Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Production Market Share & Forecast by Region, 2020-2031

Figure 15. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Industry Chain

Figure 16. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Procurement Model

Figure 17. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Model

Figure 18. Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Channels, Direct Sales, and Distribution

Figure 19. Horizontal Furnace

Figure 20. Vertical Furnace

Figure 21. by Type, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 22. by Type, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2020-2031

Figure 23. by Type, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 24. by Type, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2020-2031

Figure 25. by Type, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Average Selling Price (ASP), 2020-2031, (US$/Unit)

Figure 26. Semiconductor

Figure 27. Solar Photovoltaic

Figure 28. LED

Figure 29. Others

Figure 30. by Application, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 31. by Application, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Revenue Market Share, 2020-2031

Figure 32. by Application, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 33. by Application, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2020-2031

Figure 34. by Application, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Price, 2020-2031, (US$/Unit)

Figure 35. By Region, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2020-2031

Figure 36. By Region, Global Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2020-2031

Figure 37. North America Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & Forecasts, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 38. By Country, North America Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2024

Figure 39. Europe Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & Forecasts, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 40. By Country, Europe Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2024

Figure 41. Asia Pacific Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & Forecasts, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 42. By Country/Region, Asia Pacific Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2024

Figure 43. South America Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & Forecasts, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 44. By Country, South America Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value Market Share, 2024

Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Consumption Value & Forecasts, 2020-2031, US$ Million

Figure 46. United States Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 47. by Type, United States Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 48. by Application, United States Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 49. Europe Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 50. by Type, Europe Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 51. by Application, Europe Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 52. China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 53. by Type, China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 54. by Application, China Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 55. Japan Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 56. by Type, Japan Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 57. by Application, Japan Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 58. South Korea Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 59. by Type, South Korea Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 60. by Application, South Korea Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 61. Southeast Asia Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 62. by Type, Southeast Asia Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 63. by Application, Southeast Asia Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 64. India Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 65. by Type, India Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 66. by Application, India Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity, 2020-2031, (Units)

Figure 68. by Type, Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 69. by Application, Middle East & Africa Semiconductor Heat Treatment Furnaces Sales Quantity Market Share, 2024 VS 2031

Figure 70. Research Methodology

Figure 71. Breakdown of Primary Interviews

Figure 72. Bottom-up Approaches

Figure 73. Top-down Approaches